Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
6.3Reversible reactions and equilibrium
Reversible reactions and equilibrium in Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry: what the syllabus expects you to know, the learning objectives and how to practise.
Subtopic91 practice questions5 lessons
Learning objectives
What the syllabus expects you to be able to do.
- 6.3.1State that some reactions are reversible, shown by the symbol ⇌.
- 6.3.2Describe how changing the conditions can change the direction of a reversible reaction, limited to heating hydrated copper(II) sulfate or cobalt(II) chloride and adding water to the anhydrous compounds.
- 6.3.3Supplement: state that a reversible reaction in a closed system is at equilibrium when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products no longer change.
- 6.3.4Supplement: use given information to predict and explain how changing the temperature, pressure or concentration, or using a catalyst, affects the position of equilibrium.
- 6.3.5Supplement: state the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process, N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g).
- 6.3.6Supplement: state that the hydrogen for the Haber process is obtained from methane and the nitrogen from air.
- 6.3.7Supplement: state the typical conditions of the Haber process: 450 °C, 20 000 kPa (200 atm) and an iron catalyst.
- 6.3.8Supplement: state the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in the Contact process, 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g).
- 6.3.9Supplement: state that the sulfur dioxide is obtained by burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores and the oxygen from air.
- 6.3.10Supplement: state the typical conditions of this conversion: 450 °C, 200 kPa (2 atm) and a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst.
- 6.3.11Supplement: explain, using ideas about rate and the position of equilibrium together with safety and cost, why the typical conditions are used in the Haber process and the Contact process.
Lessons
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Choosing industrial conditions
40 min
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Dynamic equilibrium and changing conditions
40 min
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Reversible reactions
30 min
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The Contact process and sulfuric acid
40 min
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The Haber process and ammonia
40 min
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